TY - JOUR
T1 - Using the Spleen as an in Vivo Systemic Immune Barometer Alongside Osteosarcoma Disease Progression and Immunotherapy with α-PD-L1
AU - Markel, Justin E.
AU - Noore, Jabeen
AU - Emery, Eric J.
AU - Bobnar, Harley J.
AU - Kleinerman, Eugenie S.
AU - Lindsey, Brock A.
N1 - Funding Information:
,is paper was generated from the work supported by the WVU CTSI IDEA CTR Support under NIH/NIGMS Award
Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 Justin E. Markel et al.
PY - 2018
Y1 - 2018
N2 - Indications for immunotherapies are still unclear, and there is a great need for real-time patient immune status monitoring. In this study, we confirmed that the local and systemic immune profiles of an orthotopic osteosarcoma model with or without luciferase transfection were statistically equivalent. Next, we used flow cytometry to describe systemic immune cell populations influenced by osteosarcoma disease progression. When compared to vehicle-inoculated sham mice, it was found that tumor-bearing mice had significant immunophenotype disturbances at approximately 11 weeks after inoculation (at which time 90% of primary tumor-bearing mice have fulminant pulmonary metastases). Percent populations of natural killer cells and T regulatory cells were increased in the spleens of tumor-bearing mice (p<0.0083) compared to shams. Additionally, T lymphocytes from spleens of tumor-bearing mice showed increased Tim-3/PD-1 exhaustion status (p<0.0083). There were also increases in the percent populations of myeloid cells and overall M1/M2 macrophage marker expression on tumor-bearing mice spleens versus controls (p<0.00714). Finally, treatment with 20 μg α-PD-L1 decreased T-cell exhaustion back to sham status, with a corresponding increase in CTLA-4 expression on cytotoxic T cells in the majority of mice tested. Checkpoint inhibition also increased splenic monocyte maturation and returned macrophage M1/M2 marker expression back to sham status. These data suggest that cancer induces systemic immune dysregulation and that these changes may be elucidated and utilized for treatment purposes by sampling the systemic immune environment via the spleen. In addition, treatment with the checkpoint inhibitor α-PD-L1 may neutralize but not overcome the systemic immunological changes induced by a progressing malignancy.
AB - Indications for immunotherapies are still unclear, and there is a great need for real-time patient immune status monitoring. In this study, we confirmed that the local and systemic immune profiles of an orthotopic osteosarcoma model with or without luciferase transfection were statistically equivalent. Next, we used flow cytometry to describe systemic immune cell populations influenced by osteosarcoma disease progression. When compared to vehicle-inoculated sham mice, it was found that tumor-bearing mice had significant immunophenotype disturbances at approximately 11 weeks after inoculation (at which time 90% of primary tumor-bearing mice have fulminant pulmonary metastases). Percent populations of natural killer cells and T regulatory cells were increased in the spleens of tumor-bearing mice (p<0.0083) compared to shams. Additionally, T lymphocytes from spleens of tumor-bearing mice showed increased Tim-3/PD-1 exhaustion status (p<0.0083). There were also increases in the percent populations of myeloid cells and overall M1/M2 macrophage marker expression on tumor-bearing mice spleens versus controls (p<0.00714). Finally, treatment with 20 μg α-PD-L1 decreased T-cell exhaustion back to sham status, with a corresponding increase in CTLA-4 expression on cytotoxic T cells in the majority of mice tested. Checkpoint inhibition also increased splenic monocyte maturation and returned macrophage M1/M2 marker expression back to sham status. These data suggest that cancer induces systemic immune dysregulation and that these changes may be elucidated and utilized for treatment purposes by sampling the systemic immune environment via the spleen. In addition, treatment with the checkpoint inhibitor α-PD-L1 may neutralize but not overcome the systemic immunological changes induced by a progressing malignancy.
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U2 - 10.1155/2018/8694397
DO - 10.1155/2018/8694397
M3 - Article
C2 - 30651716
AN - SCOPUS:85059892575
SN - 1357-714X
VL - 2018
JO - Sarcoma
JF - Sarcoma
M1 - 8694397
ER -