TY - JOUR
T1 - Variations in vital signs in the last days of life in patients with advanced cancer
AU - Bruera, Sebastian
AU - Chisholm, Gary
AU - Santos, Renata Dos
AU - Crovador, Camila
AU - Bruera, Eduardo
AU - Hui, David
N1 - Funding Information:
Dr. Bruera is supported in part by National Institutes of Health grants RO1NR010162-01A1 , RO1CA122292-01 , and RO1CA124481-01 . Dr. Hui is supported in part by an institutional startup grant (#18075582). This study is also supported by the M.D. Anderson Cancer Center Support Grant ( CA 016672 ). The funding sources were not involved in the conduct of the study or development of the submission.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2014 American Academy of Hospice and Palliative Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
PY - 2014/10/1
Y1 - 2014/10/1
N2 - Context. Few studies have examined variation in vital signs in the last days of life.Objectives. We determined the variation of vital signs in the final two weeks of life in patients with advanced cancer and examined their association with impending death in three days.Methods. In this prospective, longitudinal, observational study, we enrolled consecutive patients admitted to two acute palliative care units and documented their vital signs (heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, and temperature) twice a day serially from admission to death or discharge.Results. Of 357 patients, 203 (57%) died in hospital. Systolic blood pressure (P < 0.001), diastolic blood pressure (P < 0.001), and oxygen saturation (P < 0.001) decreased significantly in the final three days of life, and temperature increased slightly (P < 0.04). Heart rate (P = 0.22) and respiratory rate (P = 0.24) remained similar in the last three days. Impending death in three days was significantly associated with increased heart rate (odds ratio [OR] = 2; P = 0.01), decreased systolic blood pressure (OR = 2.5; P = 0.004), decreased diastolic blood pressure (OR = 2.3; P = 0.002), and decreased oxygen saturation (OR = 3.7; P = 0.003) from baseline readings on admission. These changes had high specificity ($80%), low sensitivity (#35%), and modest positive likelihood ratios (#5) for impending death within three days. A large proportion of patients had normal vital signs in the last days of life.Conclusion. Blood pressure and oxygen saturation decreased in the last days of life. Clinicians and families cannot rely on vital sign changes alone to rule in or rule out impending death. Our findings do not support routine vital signs monitoring of patients who are imminently dying.
AB - Context. Few studies have examined variation in vital signs in the last days of life.Objectives. We determined the variation of vital signs in the final two weeks of life in patients with advanced cancer and examined their association with impending death in three days.Methods. In this prospective, longitudinal, observational study, we enrolled consecutive patients admitted to two acute palliative care units and documented their vital signs (heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, and temperature) twice a day serially from admission to death or discharge.Results. Of 357 patients, 203 (57%) died in hospital. Systolic blood pressure (P < 0.001), diastolic blood pressure (P < 0.001), and oxygen saturation (P < 0.001) decreased significantly in the final three days of life, and temperature increased slightly (P < 0.04). Heart rate (P = 0.22) and respiratory rate (P = 0.24) remained similar in the last three days. Impending death in three days was significantly associated with increased heart rate (odds ratio [OR] = 2; P = 0.01), decreased systolic blood pressure (OR = 2.5; P = 0.004), decreased diastolic blood pressure (OR = 2.3; P = 0.002), and decreased oxygen saturation (OR = 3.7; P = 0.003) from baseline readings on admission. These changes had high specificity ($80%), low sensitivity (#35%), and modest positive likelihood ratios (#5) for impending death within three days. A large proportion of patients had normal vital signs in the last days of life.Conclusion. Blood pressure and oxygen saturation decreased in the last days of life. Clinicians and families cannot rely on vital sign changes alone to rule in or rule out impending death. Our findings do not support routine vital signs monitoring of patients who are imminently dying.
KW - Blood pressure
KW - death neoplasms
KW - diagnosis death
KW - heart rate
KW - oxygen physiologic
KW - phenomena
KW - respiratory rate
KW - temperature impending
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U2 - 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2013.10.019
DO - 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2013.10.019
M3 - Article
C2 - 24731412
AN - SCOPUS:84908108689
SN - 0885-3924
VL - 48
SP - 510
EP - 517
JO - Journal of pain and symptom management
JF - Journal of pain and symptom management
IS - 4
ER -