Venetoclax abrogates the prognostic impact of splicing factor gene mutations in newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia

Mutations in splicing factor (SF) genes SRSF2, U2AF1, SF3B1, and ZRSR2 are now considered adverse risk in the European LeukemiaNet 2022 acute myeloid leukemia (AML) risk stratification. The prognostic impact of SF mutations in AML has been predominantly derived from younger patients treated with intensive (INT) therapy. We evaluated 994 patients with newly diagnosed AML, including 266 (27%) with a SF^mut. Median age was 67 years overall, with patients with SF^mut being older at 72 years. SRSF2 (n = 140, 53%) was the most common SF^mut. In patients treated with INT, median relapse-free survival (RFS) (9.6 vs 21.4 months, P = .04) and overall survival (OS) (15.9 vs 26.7 months, P = .06) were shorter for patients with SF^mut than without SF^wt, however this significance abrogated when evaluating patients who received venetoclax with INT therapy (RFS 15.4 vs 20.3 months, P = .36; OS 19.6 vs 30.7 months, P = .98). In patients treated with LI, median RFS (9.3 vs 7.7 months, P = .35) and OS (12.3 vs 8.5 months, P = .14) were similar for patients with and without SF^mut, and outcomes improved in all groups with venetoclax. On multivariate analysis, SF^mut did not affect hazards of relapse and death for INT arm but reduced both these hazards in LI arm. In a large AML data set with >60% of patients receiving venetoclax with LI/INT therapy, SF^mut had no independent negative prognostic impact. Newer prognostic models that consider LI therapy and use of venetoclax among other factors are warranted.