TY - JOUR
T1 - Venetoclax-based therapies for acute myeloid leukemia
AU - Guerra, Veronica A.
AU - DiNardo, Courtney
AU - Konopleva, Marina
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2019
Copyright:
Copyright 2019 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2019/6
Y1 - 2019/6
N2 - The prognosis of adult acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains poor, with the long-term survival rate less than 50%. However, the current paradigms of treatment are changing through a better understanding of the disease genetics and pathophysiology. Since 2017, eight new drugs have been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of AML, including the FLT3 inhibitors midostaurin and gilteritinib, the IDH inhibitors ivosidenib and enasidenib, the anti-CD33 monoclonal antibody gemtuzumab ozogamicin, liposomal daunorubicin and cytarabine, the hedgehog pathway inhibitor glasdegib and the BCL-2 inhibitor venetoclax. Preclinical data demonstrated the anti-leukemic efficacy of venetoclax in AML and its synergy when combined with hypomethylating agents or chemotherapy agents. Clinical trials have demonstrated the clinical benefit of venetoclax-based therapies in newly diagnosed AML, leading to the recent FDA approval of venetoclax in combination with hypomethylating agents or low-dose cytarabine for older adults with newly diagnosed AML. Herein, we focus on the role of single-agent BCL-2 inhibition in AML and review the clinical studies of venetoclax-based combination regimens and the evolving mechanisms of resistance.
AB - The prognosis of adult acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains poor, with the long-term survival rate less than 50%. However, the current paradigms of treatment are changing through a better understanding of the disease genetics and pathophysiology. Since 2017, eight new drugs have been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of AML, including the FLT3 inhibitors midostaurin and gilteritinib, the IDH inhibitors ivosidenib and enasidenib, the anti-CD33 monoclonal antibody gemtuzumab ozogamicin, liposomal daunorubicin and cytarabine, the hedgehog pathway inhibitor glasdegib and the BCL-2 inhibitor venetoclax. Preclinical data demonstrated the anti-leukemic efficacy of venetoclax in AML and its synergy when combined with hypomethylating agents or chemotherapy agents. Clinical trials have demonstrated the clinical benefit of venetoclax-based therapies in newly diagnosed AML, leading to the recent FDA approval of venetoclax in combination with hypomethylating agents or low-dose cytarabine for older adults with newly diagnosed AML. Herein, we focus on the role of single-agent BCL-2 inhibition in AML and review the clinical studies of venetoclax-based combination regimens and the evolving mechanisms of resistance.
KW - Acute myeloid leukemia
KW - Hypomethylating agents
KW - Low-intensity chemotherapy
KW - Venetoclax
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85066297524&partnerID=8YFLogxK
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U2 - 10.1016/j.beha.2019.05.008
DO - 10.1016/j.beha.2019.05.008
M3 - Review article
C2 - 31203996
AN - SCOPUS:85066297524
SN - 1521-6926
VL - 32
SP - 145
EP - 153
JO - Best Practice and Research: Clinical Haematology
JF - Best Practice and Research: Clinical Haematology
IS - 2
ER -