Phase 1b study of lenvatinib (E7080) in combination with temozolomide for treatment of advanced melanoma

Objective and Methods: In this phase 1b study, patients with stage 4 or unresectable stage 3 melanoma were treated with escalating doses of lenvatinib (once daily) and temozolomide (TMZ) (days 1-5) in 28-day cycles, to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of the combination. Dose Level (DL)1: Lenvatinib 20 mg, TMZ 100 mg/m²; DL2: lenvatinib 24 mg, TMZ 100 mg/m²; DL3: Lenvatinib 24 mg, TMZ 150 mg/m². Adverse events (AEs) were recorded and tumor response assessed per RECIST 1.0. Results: Dose-limiting toxicity occurred in 1 of 32 treated patients (DL1); MTD was not reached. The highest dose administered was lenvatinib 24 mg + TMZ 150 mg/m². Most common treatment-related AEs included fatigue (56.3%), hypertension (53.1%), and proteinuria (46.9%). Overall objective response rate was 18.8% (6 patients), all partial response; (DL1, n = 1; DL3, n = 5). Stable disease (SD) ≥ 16 weeks was observed in 28.1% of patients (DL1 and DL2, n = 1 each; DL3, n = 7); 12.5% of patients had SD ≥ 23 weeks. Single and repeat-dose pharmacokinetics of lenvatinib were comparable across cycles and with concomitant TMZ administration. Conclusion: Lenvatinib 24 mg/day + TMZ 150 mg/m²/day (days 1-5) demonstrated modest clinical activity, an acceptable safety profile, and was administered without worsening of either lenvatinib- or TMZ-related toxicities in this patient group.