TY - JOUR
T1 - Phase I study of epigenetic modulation with 5-azacytidine and valproic acid in patients with advanced cancers
AU - Braiteh, Fadi
AU - Soriano, Andres O.
AU - Garcia-Manero, Guillermo
AU - Hong, David
AU - Johnson, Marcella M.
AU - Silva, Leandro De Padua
AU - Yang, Hui
AU - Alexander, Stefanie
AU - Wolff, Johannes
AU - Kurzrock, Razelle
PY - 2008/10/1
Y1 - 2008/10/1
N2 - Purpose: 5-Azacytidine (5-AZA) is a DNA-hypomethylating agent. Valproic acid is a histone deacetylase inhibitor. Combining hypomethylating agents and histone deacetylase inhibitors produces synergistic anticancer activity in vitro and in vivo. On the basis of this evidence, we conducted a phase I study of the combination of 5-AZA and valproic acid in patients with advanced cancers. Experimental Design: 5-AZA was administered s.c. daily for 10 days. Valproic acid was given orally daily with a goal to titrate to plasma levels of 75 to 100 μg/mL (therapeutic for seizures). Cycles were 28 days long. 5-AZA was started at 20 mg/m2 and escalated using an adaptive algorithm based on the toxicity profile in the prior cohort (6 + 6 design). Peripheral blood mononuclear cell global DNA methylation and histone H3 acetylation were estimated with the long interspersed nucleotide elements pyrosequencing assay and Western blots, respectively, on days 1and 10 of each cycle when patients agreed to provide them. Results: Fifty-five patients were enrolled. Median age was 60 years (range, 12-77 years). The maximum tolerated dose was 75 mg/m 2 of 5-AZA in combination with valproic acid. Dose-limiting toxicities were neutropenic fever and thrombocytopenia, which occurred at a dose of 94 mg/m2 of 5-AZA. Stable disease lasting 4 to 12 months (median, 6 months) was observed in 14 patients (25%). A significant decrease in global DNA methylation and induction of histone acetylation were observed. Conclusion: The combination of 5-AZA and valproic acid is safe at doses up to 75 mg/m 2 for 5-AZA in patients with advanced malignancies.
AB - Purpose: 5-Azacytidine (5-AZA) is a DNA-hypomethylating agent. Valproic acid is a histone deacetylase inhibitor. Combining hypomethylating agents and histone deacetylase inhibitors produces synergistic anticancer activity in vitro and in vivo. On the basis of this evidence, we conducted a phase I study of the combination of 5-AZA and valproic acid in patients with advanced cancers. Experimental Design: 5-AZA was administered s.c. daily for 10 days. Valproic acid was given orally daily with a goal to titrate to plasma levels of 75 to 100 μg/mL (therapeutic for seizures). Cycles were 28 days long. 5-AZA was started at 20 mg/m2 and escalated using an adaptive algorithm based on the toxicity profile in the prior cohort (6 + 6 design). Peripheral blood mononuclear cell global DNA methylation and histone H3 acetylation were estimated with the long interspersed nucleotide elements pyrosequencing assay and Western blots, respectively, on days 1and 10 of each cycle when patients agreed to provide them. Results: Fifty-five patients were enrolled. Median age was 60 years (range, 12-77 years). The maximum tolerated dose was 75 mg/m 2 of 5-AZA in combination with valproic acid. Dose-limiting toxicities were neutropenic fever and thrombocytopenia, which occurred at a dose of 94 mg/m2 of 5-AZA. Stable disease lasting 4 to 12 months (median, 6 months) was observed in 14 patients (25%). A significant decrease in global DNA methylation and induction of histone acetylation were observed. Conclusion: The combination of 5-AZA and valproic acid is safe at doses up to 75 mg/m 2 for 5-AZA in patients with advanced malignancies.
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U2 - 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-08-1247
DO - 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-08-1247
M3 - Article
C2 - 18829512
AN - SCOPUS:58149174109
SN - 1078-0432
VL - 14
SP - 6296
EP - 6301
JO - Clinical Cancer Research
JF - Clinical Cancer Research
IS - 19
ER -